The Effects Of Exercise On Academic Performance - 867 Words

Exercise is known to positively aid individuals’ daily routines. Combined with healthy eating, daily exercise can lead to a well-balanced lifestyle. Since being active help individuals remain physically healthy, what are the effects of exercise mentally? This study will focus on how exercise effects academic performance in college students. The research will support or oppose whether physical activity will positively aid students in school. If a positive relationship is found individuals would allow students to know the effect of exercising whether it is to improve their academic performance or live a more balanced lifestyle. Multiple research studies have shown positive relationships between physical activity and brain function.†¦show more content†¦Tiffany Field, Miguel Diego, and Christopher E. Sanders (2001), held a similar research study by surveying approximately 89 seniors. This questionnaire collected data regarding the timey spend excursing and their cumulati ve GPA. After analyzing the data this study also showed a positive correlation with academic performance and the students who regularly exercised. Overall previous studies show a positive relationship between regular exercise and academic performance. In this study we will figure out how does exercise on a specific scale affect undergraduate student’s academic performance. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Part 4 (IPAQ.com 2002), students who score high will have a higher GPA compares to those who score low, while individuals who score moderate on the scale will have average GPAs compared to other two groups. Method Participants Participants will be students part of Research Methods in the fall of 2017. There will be 50 students ranging from the ages of 18-22. The average age of participants are 20 year olds or undergraduate sophomores. The participants will be Florida State University undergraduate students. There will be an even number of male participants and female participants. Students who are take the questionnaire will receive class participation for the Research Methods course. Materials The fourth part of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ.com 2002) will be used to survey each student.Show MoreRelatedDoes Physical Activity Affect Scholastic Performance? Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesShaylee Agas Wilson AP Literature, 2nd Period 16 December 2016 Does Physical Activity Affect Scholastic Performance? As time goes on, physical activity is becoming an average person’s second priority. The rise of technology allows people to do many everyday tasks within their own home. The ability to get almost anything delivered straight to a person’s house with a push of a button promotes an inactive lifestyle. While this can be seen as progressive in a technological standpoint, it completely disregardsRead MoreBenefits Of Youth Sports : A Positive Impact On All Those That Participate1286 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant social skills, and can even help to improve their performance in school. Exercise and physical sport are fundamental to the early development of children and youth. There is an overwhelming amount of evidence that shows the positive effects of sport and exercise on physical health. While physical education provides a good basis for healthy exercise habits, sports further this knowledge and push the child to exercise even more. â€Å"Exercise in general controls weight by burning calories, improvesRead MoreThe correlation between playing team sports and academic success1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthought of as an added stress children nowadays have to face, and it may be expected for athletes to have subpar academic achievement compared to non-athlete students. However, this is far from the truth. Recent studies have shown that athletes actually perform very well in school, even with this added stress. According to Medina (2008), what may seem as unusual academic performance of athletes may be tied back to the lifestyle of early human ancestors. Fifty thousand years ago, the ancestors ofRead MoreSports Education Of Today. In Today’S Society Children1124 Words   |  5 Pageswith sports and few play outside. The lack of physical activity as a child, can pay huge dividends in the child’s health, into his/her adulthood. Lack of exercise for children can have many negative effects. In addition to being more likely overweight, children who don t get enough exercise have weaker muscles and bones than kids who exercise regularly. Inactive kids also have increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and can have higher blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. AccordingRead MoreThe Need for Physical Education in Our Culture1279 Words   |  6 Pagesclasses. It is important that physical education classes are mandatory especially at a high school level, because it benefits the students both academically and physically helping encourage lifelong fitness, cognitive skills, attitude, and academic performance. Regular physical education is crucial because of the health benefits it carries. According to Health and Human Services (2003), â€Å"physical activity contributes to several long term health benefits, notably decreased risk of heart disease,Read MoreFinding A Balance Between Healthcare And High School1730 Words   |  7 Pages(Health 1). Physical fitness should be mandatory at the high school level because physical fitness eliminates a variety of health problems, improves academic performance, and decreases depression levels within the student body. Physical activity has been defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure† (Exercise is Beneficial). The lack of physical fitness in young adults is at a standstill. Physical fitness in young adults has drastically changed over theRead MoreLasting Effects of Physical Education on Students Essay634 Words   |  3 Pagesstimulate the brain. The University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Urbana, IL showed that after only 20 minutes of walking it greatly improved how much the brain was functioning compared to at rest (Jacobs). This is confirmed with its effect on academics with a research in California and Texas showing that the more Fitnessgram standards passed meant a higher ISAT score (Jacobs). With the brain functioning at an increased rate, this improves test scores. The adolescents who have a physicalRead MorePhysical Education And Academic Performance994 Words   |  4 Pagesperson’s academic performance. They sa y that it can improve their academic performance by helping to be able to focus their attention and to have better problem solving skills. It may also make your memory better, reduce your stress levels, reduce sleep deprivation and improve someone’s mental health. On the other hand, there others that say that physical education has no effect on a person’s academic performance. While others think that physical education is worsening the academic performance of manyRead MoreThe Effects of Students Living Situation on Academic Performance969 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Academic performance is the evidence how well a student meets standards set out by local government and the institution itself.The extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning.   Going to collegeRead MoreStress on College Students797 Words   |  3 Pagesfamilies and 53% of students feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The cause of stress is divided to three parts. They are academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. The most important cause is academic performance pressure. In your college life, you have many works, such as attending classes, completing the readings, writing papers, managing projects and preparing

Major Principles of Behaviorist and Neo-Behaviorist Theories

Introduction Theories of learning have been significantly shaped by two perspectives, behaviorism and neo-behaviorism. Both perspectives of learning theories were not developed as a consequence of research in any one academic field and these theories have influenced the conduct in many disciplines, for both researchers and practitioners. Present study is aimed at investigating both perspectives of learning theories, behaviorism and neo-behaviorism. With several sub-categories of behavioral and neo-behavioral theories of learning, only those theories will be discussed that cast a profound impact on discipline of learning. Disregarding the specific phases in behaviorism and neo-behaviorism, the paper will synthesize the literary findings of major theories. Two theories that are based on behaviorist perspective of learning i.e. classical conditioning and operant conditioning theory will be discussed along with one neo-behaviorist perspective theory. After presenting underlying principles of each of the three theories, the work of major contributors of these theories will be highlighted. Followed by it will be an analysis as to how each theory explains the permanent change in behavior. The report will be concluded after presenting application of each theory in helpingwithin social learning process and business world scenarios. It can be stated that the vast research and practice that continues to date in the fields of psychology, education, business management,Show MoreRelatedBehaviorism And Its Impact On The Learner2285 Words   |  10 PagesBehaviorism is a worldview, which operates under a stimulus response principle. Every behavior is caused by an operating condition (external stimuli). Moreover, behaviors can be described without n ecessarily considering internal states or consciousness of mind. It basically assumes that a learner is passive, reacting to stimuli from the environment. Initially, the learner is a clean slate (tabula rasa) and the shaping of behavior is through positive as well as negative reinforcement. Both the reinforcementsRead MoreTheoretical Perspective On Behaviorism Theory Essay2881 Words   |  12 Pagesreferred to as the Learning Theory. The origin of the behaviorism can be traced back to the paper that was written by James Watson in the year 1913 titled, â€Å"Psychology as the behaviorist views it (Watson, 1913).† This paper outlined a series of beliefs that underline the practice of behaviorism approach. At one point of time the psychologists even believed that this was the only so called scientific approach (Watson, 1913). Some of the basic assumptions of the behaviorist approach are: (A) CompleteRead More Major Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology Essay2419 Words   |  10 PagesMajor Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology INTRODUCTION In this assignment I will be describing the five major schools of psychological research. These are Behaviorism, Biological, Cognitive, Humanist and Psychoanalytical. I will then attempt to evaluate the pros, cons and practical applications of the Behaviorist and Psychodynamic approaches. BEHAVIORISM The earliest origins of behaviorism can be stemmed from the philosopher John Locke (1632-1704). HeRead MoreThe Developmental Nature of Cognition Essay2662 Words   |  11 Pagessocial learning theories. Although the major focus is on cognitive development, it will also explore the implications in educational settings that deal with mild intellectually deficit students. Many paradigms of development exist and interact with each other through different branches of studies. 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If you believe the saying Perception is everything, then you may well be a cognitivist.   According to the cognitive perspective, people engage in abnormal behavior because of particular thoughts and behaviors that are often basedRead MoreEssay about Personality Theories Matrix2867 Words   |  12 PagesPersonality Theories Matrix THEORY Psychoanalytic Neo-Freudian Trait Biological Humanistic Behavioral/ Social Cognitive Personality â€Å"Self: id, ego, superego, thanatos; defense mechanisms.† Personlaity structureis made up of 3 major systems: the id, the ego and the superego. Each has its own function properties, components, operating principles, and mechanisms, the systems interact so closely with one another that it is difficult to disentangle their effectsRead MoreEassy in Gujarati2422 Words   |  10 PagesMaster of Arts Part-II    Paper - V System amp; Theories in Psychology    Objective : To acquaint the students with systems and theories in psychology.    The Scheme of the Question Paper : 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The paper will consist of five units. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   There will be two chapter in each unit. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every chapter in the unit should be given equal weightage in the examination. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Question paper should be drawn with the Internal Option in such a way that students should not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   omit any chapterRead MoreSigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dream2543 Words   |  11 Pagesbetween a clinician and his/her patient. 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The Evolution of Leadership Theory Free Essays

Introduction In order to describe the evolution of leadership theory we must first define what we understand leadership to mean. An early or traditional definition of leadership may be, an interpersonal influence directed towards the achievement of a set goal or series of goals (Northhouse, 2004, p 2). In accordance with the evolution of leadership theory the definition of leadership by a modern frame of reference may be, a relationship dynamic in nature based on mutual influence between leaders and collaborators in which both reach higher levels of motivation and moral development as they strive to affect change (Freiberg and Freiberg, 1996, p 298). We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Leadership Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will describe the evolution of leadership theory as it developed from being based on individual personal traits and behaviors to the modern theories that are based on dynamic models of situation and on transformation. Early Leadership theories: traits and behaviors Ohio State University developed a theory of leadership from a series of studies that obtained data from questionnaires filled in by subordinates and another questionnaire filled in by managers that described the leadership traits and behaviors of their leaders (Fleishman, 1953, p 2). Two leadership styles were identified and hypothesized to be able to describe all leaders (Fleishman, 1953, p 2). The first leadership style was termed â€Å"initiating structure† (Fleishman, 1953, p 3. This leadership style described the leader who directs with transactional and task oriented style. This style of leadership has been described as great for routine and repetitive task, however on the negative side it has also been used to describe the micro-manager (Fleishman, 1953, p 4). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace include the leader who lets work-unit members know what is expected of them; who schedules the work to be done; encourages the use of uniform work procedures; assigns work-unit members to particular tasks; plans tasks for work-unit members; makes his or her attitudes clear to the work unit; clarifies work roles and asks for results (Fleishman, 1953, p 4). The second leadership style identified by the Ohio State theory of leadership was termed â€Å"consideration† (Fleishman, 1953, p 5).   This leadership style described the leader who is people-oriented and participative, and transformational (Fleishman, 1953, p 5). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace includes, the leader who treats all work-unit members as his or her equal; is friendly and approachable; does little things to make work pleasant; puts suggestions made by the work unit into operation; looks out for personal welfare of work unit members; encourages a supportive socio-emotional work atmosphere; maintains high morale in the work-unit and promotes a collaborative work atmosphere (Fleishman, 1953, p 5). Around the same time period The University of Michigan conducted similar studies to the Ohio State work (Katz, et al, 1950, p 23) based on questionnaire responses by leader’s subordinates and also developed a two-leadership style theory (Katz, et al, 1950, p 43). The first leadership style was termed â€Å"production centered† (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace includes, the leader who places an emphasis on the technical or task aspects of the job; is concerned mainly with accomplishing group’s goal and who regards group members as means to an end (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). The second leadership style offered by the Michigan State University theory was termed â€Å"employee centered† (Katz, et al, 1950, p 46). Examples of how this leadership style may present itself in the workplace includes, the leader who places an emphasize interpersonal relations; who takes a personal interest in the needs of employees and who accepts individual differences among members of his / her team (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). These earlier studies of leadership theories drew conclusions from research data that only looked at the single dimension of leadership being the observation of the leader’s traits and behaviors. Although these studies provided valuable insight into which leadership traits and behaviors may have been associated with higher levels of productivity, the theories lack the depth of understanding that a dynamic model would bring which accounts for the interaction of the leader’s subordinates and the workplace situation. Modern Leadership Theories: dynamic models of situational and transformational leadership The leadership theory termed situational theory is based on the amount of direction and socio-emotional support a leader should provide to a specific situation (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 59).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This theory developed by Hersey and Blanchard, recognizes four different leadership styles that are telling, selling, participating and delegating (Blanchard et al, 1999 p 60). The leader determines which style to use depending upon the specific task that is to be accomplished and the maturity level of the followers. The maturity of the followers was a termed coined to explain the willingness of the followers to take responsibility for directing their own behavior (Blanchard et al, 1999, 60). A combination of a demanding task with a low maturity level would require the leadership style of telling (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 60). The leadership style of selling would also suit a situation with a demanding task and low level of follower maturity while the leader is still responsible for the goal being achieved the followers are encouraged to participate (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). The leadership style of participating suits situations of a less demanding task and low-level maturity of the followers (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). Finally the leadership style of delegating is matched to a high level of follower maturity and therefore is suited to all levels of demand in terms of task (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). The transformational leadership theory recognizes the changing demands that an organization may face, like the situational leadership theory however it places its greatest emphasis on leadership behavior and traits (Northhouse, 2004, p 173). While this may seem like a return to the earlier more limited theories of leadership as developed in the mid 1900s via Ohio State and Michigan State Universities it is in fact seen as a very creative and flexible leadership theory (Northhouse, 2004, p 173). The transformational leader instills feelings of confidence, admiration and commitment in the followers. Such a leader inspires the followers to forgo their own interests for the good of the organization (Northhouse, 2004, p 178). Transformational leaders appeal to the moral and ideals of followers and inspire them to look at problems in new and creative ways (Northhouse, 2004, p 183). Studies have correlated the transformational leadership theory in the workplace leads to lower staff turnover rates, higher productivity and higher employee satisfaction. In summary, the evolution of leadership theories has developed from the relatively static and one-dimensional views of the personality traits and behavior theories studied in the 1900s to the dynamic and flexible theories of situational and transformational leadership theories developed in the late 1900s. References Blanchard, K. H, Zigarmi, P. and Zigarmi, D. (1999), Leadership and the One Minute   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Manager, New York, Harper Collins. Fleishman, E.A. (1953). The description of supervisory behavior. Personnel Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37, 1-6 Katz, D., Maccoby, N. and Morse, N.C. (1950). Productivity, Supervision and Morale in   Ã‚  Ã‚   an Office Situation. Ann Arbor, Survey Research Center. Northhouse, P.G. (2004). Leadership: Theory and Practice. New York, Sage Publications. How to cite The Evolution of Leadership Theory, Essay examples