Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital punishment - Research Paper Example Cases can be situated in Australia (New South Wales) under the 1997 Young Offenders Law, just as in New Zealand’s Family Act of 1989 (Woolf, 2008). In 2006, John Pears, at that point 21 years of age, was pardoned by the group of a casualty for being associated with the passing of their third-conceived, 22 years of age, child, Peter Jackson (Marzilli, 2008). John was driving the vehicle the two were in while genuinely alcoholic subsequent to having a night out at a close by club in their Columbus-found, Ohio, home. The two were engaged with a ghastly mishap and Jackson wound up losing his life. After different court considerations, John was condemned to 10 years in jail for driving impaired and furthermore causing the demise of Jackson. In any case, it was later settled that Jackson was the one that convinced John to become inebriated and constrained him to drive him home while alcoholic. The victim’s family was left with no other choice however to pardon John for the mi x-up. What I am attempting to bring out by giving out this case is that there are consistently different sides to a story. One may contend that John merited a capital punishment and that's it, however he was not the primary driver of the mishap. This may be the situation in the detainee in theme, also. In this way, it would be better if the victim’s family thought about tuning in to the side of the prisoner. Likewise, not make any difference the situation, such an undertaking by the casualty to move toward one of the individuals from the victim’s family is absolutely an intrusion of protection (Gaie, 2012). Nonetheless, there are legal ways that the detainee could have attempted with the goal that the family could know that the prisoner needs to converse with them. A legitimate methods could be a lot simpler and it would guarantee that no fights came up the manner in which they are presently (Kronenwetter, 2010). With regards...The prisoner who is considered to have su bmit murder was given a capital punishment argued to meet with the group of the casualty so as to clarify the reality of the situation. Maybe the prisoner was looking for the pardoning of the victim’s family. Presently, as much as the victim’s family thinks of it as an offense that the detainee even idea about moving toward them, they ought to know that there are a few laws, which permit the casualty to make such a loom. I originate from a similar family and it is straightforward what the individuals are experiencing in the wake of losing one of their own. Trying to disclose to the family what really occurred with the goal for them to have compassion on the prisoner will unquestionably not bring back the person in question. Nonetheless, a portion of the laws that the family should think about incorporate helpful equity, prisoner pardoning and right to protection. The family ought to know about the family bunch conferencing. The victim’s family is permitted to lead a family bunch gathering with the prisoner since the casualty can't be fused in the gathering. Despite the fact that, such cases are typically predominant in adolescent cases, it is allowed in such an issue on the grounds that the casualty is ailing and the family is the one filling the suite. Cases can be situated in Australia under the 1997 Young Offenders Law, just as in New Zealand’s Family Act of 1989.With respects to different speculations of mortal, qualities and results, the family ought to know that the prisoner is likewise human and tuning in to their perspectives are the most obliging they can do.

Financial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budgetary Accounting - Essay Example Turnover 21,134 Cost of deals 15,345 Gross benefit 5,735 Distribution costs 2,520 Administrative costs 1,417 Operating benefit 1,798 Investment pay 80 Finance costs 11 Profit before tax assessment 1,867 Taxation 581 Profit after tax collection 1,286  Profit inferable from:  Parent 1,206 Non-controlling premium 80  1,286  A solidification plan is given Appendix 1. It shows how the figures for turnover, cost of deals and gross benefit were shown up at. The Statement underneath speaks to the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position of Chambers and Subsidiary for the period finishing 2012. The applicable figurings are appeared. ... Actually, inside created altruism can't be perceived as an advantage while generosity that has been procured is perceived as a benefit (IFRS.org 2012a). In the event that a self developed resource is built to be utilized in the business it is treated in a similar way as a gained resource. In any case, self developed resources which are delivered available to be purchased as a major aspect of the typical exercises of a business are managed under IAS 2 Inventories. The two resources are not exactly equivalent as one set is something you can see and contact genuinely while the other isn't. Be that as it may, there is no motivation behind why altruism that is inside produced ought not be perceived as an advantage. Altruism is something that a business creates inside, in spite of the fact that it must be perceived when somebody gains it. We are for the most part mindful that when a business is sold generosity is the abundance over the reasonable estimation of the divisible resources that the purchaser/acquirer is eager to pay. The way that somebody is happy to pay for it implies that they have set an incentive on it. That worth could be anything and the way that somebody puts an incentive on it and is happy to pay implies that it is quantifiable †regardless of whether dispassionately or abstractly. Casta et al (2011) shows that a portion of the models that have been made to esteem inside produced generosity can't clarify how altruism was made. In any case, the way that we know from the definition that generosity emerges from the notoriety that has been developed a business after some time implies that the production of altruism can be clarified. There are additionally different factors, for example, the territory wherein the business is found; the representatives as it identifies with their experience, capability, effectiveness and dependability; and a large group of different variables (Wood and Sangster

Funny Essay Topics

Funny Essay TopicsThere are many funny essay topics that are based on fact and use examples to make a point. If you are looking for something that is funny and has some truth to it, you can find many great essays on these topics.Funny essays can be found on almost any topic that has some truth to it. Some examples of true and funny topics are politics, medicine, love, religion, and sex. You will want to be sure that when you write your essay that it contains some facts and is a good length.When you are writing a factual statement, be sure that it is not exaggerating or being misleading. Some common mistakes when it comes to writing an essay that is funny are, embellishing or being too precise. If you are using examples as the basis for your essay, make sure that you know enough about the subject so that you don't confuse the issue.One of the best ways to find some funny essay topics is to find someone else's essay and get a perspective on it. If you don't want to spend the time writi ng your own essay, look online to see what other people have written about the same topic. Sometimes they will be more than willing to share with you their own observations about something or another. These essays are great for starting a conversation with a close friend or loved one.If you have never written anything like this before, the internet is filled with lots of different articles that deal with different topics and some of them are free. You may be surprised at the topic and how many different types of jokes there are on it. You may even find tips and hints that you will be able to use in your own writing.If you have some sort of hobby that involves writing and thought, you can find many funny essay topics in these areas. Sports fans can find essays that are humorous about the sport and their favorite player or teams. Similarly, writers can find articles that are funny and informative about their field of work.Funny topics can even come from a past experience that you had. Remember that if you had a bad day at work, a comedy joke may help you laugh at something that may be bothering you. This can be a great way to take a long hard look at your life and your flaws.The best way to find a funny topic is to read up on them. Look at the subjects on many websites and check into them to see if they are true or if they are fake.

The Effects Of Exercise On Academic Performance - 867 Words

Exercise is known to positively aid individuals’ daily routines. Combined with healthy eating, daily exercise can lead to a well-balanced lifestyle. Since being active help individuals remain physically healthy, what are the effects of exercise mentally? This study will focus on how exercise effects academic performance in college students. The research will support or oppose whether physical activity will positively aid students in school. If a positive relationship is found individuals would allow students to know the effect of exercising whether it is to improve their academic performance or live a more balanced lifestyle. Multiple research studies have shown positive relationships between physical activity and brain function.†¦show more content†¦Tiffany Field, Miguel Diego, and Christopher E. Sanders (2001), held a similar research study by surveying approximately 89 seniors. This questionnaire collected data regarding the timey spend excursing and their cumulati ve GPA. After analyzing the data this study also showed a positive correlation with academic performance and the students who regularly exercised. Overall previous studies show a positive relationship between regular exercise and academic performance. In this study we will figure out how does exercise on a specific scale affect undergraduate student’s academic performance. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Part 4 (IPAQ.com 2002), students who score high will have a higher GPA compares to those who score low, while individuals who score moderate on the scale will have average GPAs compared to other two groups. Method Participants Participants will be students part of Research Methods in the fall of 2017. There will be 50 students ranging from the ages of 18-22. The average age of participants are 20 year olds or undergraduate sophomores. The participants will be Florida State University undergraduate students. There will be an even number of male participants and female participants. Students who are take the questionnaire will receive class participation for the Research Methods course. Materials The fourth part of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ.com 2002) will be used to survey each student.Show MoreRelatedDoes Physical Activity Affect Scholastic Performance? Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesShaylee Agas Wilson AP Literature, 2nd Period 16 December 2016 Does Physical Activity Affect Scholastic Performance? As time goes on, physical activity is becoming an average person’s second priority. The rise of technology allows people to do many everyday tasks within their own home. The ability to get almost anything delivered straight to a person’s house with a push of a button promotes an inactive lifestyle. While this can be seen as progressive in a technological standpoint, it completely disregardsRead MoreBenefits Of Youth Sports : A Positive Impact On All Those That Participate1286 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant social skills, and can even help to improve their performance in school. Exercise and physical sport are fundamental to the early development of children and youth. There is an overwhelming amount of evidence that shows the positive effects of sport and exercise on physical health. While physical education provides a good basis for healthy exercise habits, sports further this knowledge and push the child to exercise even more. â€Å"Exercise in general controls weight by burning calories, improvesRead MoreThe correlation between playing team sports and academic success1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthought of as an added stress children nowadays have to face, and it may be expected for athletes to have subpar academic achievement compared to non-athlete students. However, this is far from the truth. Recent studies have shown that athletes actually perform very well in school, even with this added stress. According to Medina (2008), what may seem as unusual academic performance of athletes may be tied back to the lifestyle of early human ancestors. Fifty thousand years ago, the ancestors ofRead MoreSports Education Of Today. In Today’S Society Children1124 Words   |  5 Pageswith sports and few play outside. The lack of physical activity as a child, can pay huge dividends in the child’s health, into his/her adulthood. Lack of exercise for children can have many negative effects. In addition to being more likely overweight, children who don t get enough exercise have weaker muscles and bones than kids who exercise regularly. Inactive kids also have increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and can have higher blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. AccordingRead MoreThe Need for Physical Education in Our Culture1279 Words   |  6 Pagesclasses. It is important that physical education classes are mandatory especially at a high school level, because it benefits the students both academically and physically helping encourage lifelong fitness, cognitive skills, attitude, and academic performance. Regular physical education is crucial because of the health benefits it carries. According to Health and Human Services (2003), â€Å"physical activity contributes to several long term health benefits, notably decreased risk of heart disease,Read MoreFinding A Balance Between Healthcare And High School1730 Words   |  7 Pages(Health 1). Physical fitness should be mandatory at the high school level because physical fitness eliminates a variety of health problems, improves academic performance, and decreases depression levels within the student body. Physical activity has been defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure† (Exercise is Beneficial). The lack of physical fitness in young adults is at a standstill. Physical fitness in young adults has drastically changed over theRead MoreLasting Effects of Physical Education on Students Essay634 Words   |  3 Pagesstimulate the brain. The University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Urbana, IL showed that after only 20 minutes of walking it greatly improved how much the brain was functioning compared to at rest (Jacobs). This is confirmed with its effect on academics with a research in California and Texas showing that the more Fitnessgram standards passed meant a higher ISAT score (Jacobs). With the brain functioning at an increased rate, this improves test scores. The adolescents who have a physicalRead MorePhysical Education And Academic Performance994 Words   |  4 Pagesperson’s academic performance. They sa y that it can improve their academic performance by helping to be able to focus their attention and to have better problem solving skills. It may also make your memory better, reduce your stress levels, reduce sleep deprivation and improve someone’s mental health. On the other hand, there others that say that physical education has no effect on a person’s academic performance. While others think that physical education is worsening the academic performance of manyRead MoreThe Effects of Students Living Situation on Academic Performance969 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Academic performance is the evidence how well a student meets standards set out by local government and the institution itself.The extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning.   Going to collegeRead MoreStress on College Students797 Words   |  3 Pagesfamilies and 53% of students feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The cause of stress is divided to three parts. They are academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. The most important cause is academic performance pressure. In your college life, you have many works, such as attending classes, completing the readings, writing papers, managing projects and preparing

Major Principles of Behaviorist and Neo-Behaviorist Theories

Introduction Theories of learning have been significantly shaped by two perspectives, behaviorism and neo-behaviorism. Both perspectives of learning theories were not developed as a consequence of research in any one academic field and these theories have influenced the conduct in many disciplines, for both researchers and practitioners. Present study is aimed at investigating both perspectives of learning theories, behaviorism and neo-behaviorism. With several sub-categories of behavioral and neo-behavioral theories of learning, only those theories will be discussed that cast a profound impact on discipline of learning. Disregarding the specific phases in behaviorism and neo-behaviorism, the paper will synthesize the literary findings of major theories. Two theories that are based on behaviorist perspective of learning i.e. classical conditioning and operant conditioning theory will be discussed along with one neo-behaviorist perspective theory. After presenting underlying principles of each of the three theories, the work of major contributors of these theories will be highlighted. Followed by it will be an analysis as to how each theory explains the permanent change in behavior. The report will be concluded after presenting application of each theory in helpingwithin social learning process and business world scenarios. It can be stated that the vast research and practice that continues to date in the fields of psychology, education, business management,Show MoreRelatedBehaviorism And Its Impact On The Learner2285 Words   |  10 PagesBehaviorism is a worldview, which operates under a stimulus response principle. Every behavior is caused by an operating condition (external stimuli). Moreover, behaviors can be described without n ecessarily considering internal states or consciousness of mind. It basically assumes that a learner is passive, reacting to stimuli from the environment. Initially, the learner is a clean slate (tabula rasa) and the shaping of behavior is through positive as well as negative reinforcement. Both the reinforcementsRead MoreTheoretical Perspective On Behaviorism Theory Essay2881 Words   |  12 Pagesreferred to as the Learning Theory. The origin of the behaviorism can be traced back to the paper that was written by James Watson in the year 1913 titled, â€Å"Psychology as the behaviorist views it (Watson, 1913).† This paper outlined a series of beliefs that underline the practice of behaviorism approach. At one point of time the psychologists even believed that this was the only so called scientific approach (Watson, 1913). Some of the basic assumptions of the behaviorist approach are: (A) CompleteRead More Major Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology Essay2419 Words   |  10 PagesMajor Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology INTRODUCTION In this assignment I will be describing the five major schools of psychological research. These are Behaviorism, Biological, Cognitive, Humanist and Psychoanalytical. I will then attempt to evaluate the pros, cons and practical applications of the Behaviorist and Psychodynamic approaches. BEHAVIORISM The earliest origins of behaviorism can be stemmed from the philosopher John Locke (1632-1704). HeRead MoreThe Developmental Nature of Cognition Essay2662 Words   |  11 Pagessocial learning theories. Although the major focus is on cognitive development, it will also explore the implications in educational settings that deal with mild intellectually deficit students. Many paradigms of development exist and interact with each other through different branches of studies. Biological, psychoanalytical, socioemotional, ecological and ethological studies add just as much breadth of knowledge to the understanding of human cognitive process as other theories of developmentRead MoreThe Basics of Cognitive Theory in Relation to the Development of Abnormal Behavior1773 Words   |  8 PagesNicole Maloney 18th October 2011 Approved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Explain the basics of cognitive theory in relation to the development of abnormal behavior. Use Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis as theorists for reference. If you believe the saying Perception is everything, then you may well be a cognitivist.   According to the cognitive perspective, people engage in abnormal behavior because of particular thoughts and behaviors that are often basedRead MoreEssay about Personality Theories Matrix2867 Words   |  12 PagesPersonality Theories Matrix THEORY Psychoanalytic Neo-Freudian Trait Biological Humanistic Behavioral/ Social Cognitive Personality â€Å"Self: id, ego, superego, thanatos; defense mechanisms.† Personlaity structureis made up of 3 major systems: the id, the ego and the superego. Each has its own function properties, components, operating principles, and mechanisms, the systems interact so closely with one another that it is difficult to disentangle their effectsRead MoreEassy in Gujarati2422 Words   |  10 PagesMaster of Arts Part-II    Paper - V System amp; Theories in Psychology    Objective : To acquaint the students with systems and theories in psychology.    The Scheme of the Question Paper : 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The paper will consist of five units. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   There will be two chapter in each unit. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every chapter in the unit should be given equal weightage in the examination. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Question paper should be drawn with the Internal Option in such a way that students should not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   omit any chapterRead MoreSigmund Freud s The Interpretation Of Dream2543 Words   |  11 Pagesbetween a clinician and his/her patient. The methodology was dubbed â€Å"psychoanalysis,† and would shape almost every aspect of the neurologist’s career from that point on. Psychoanalysis, in a more exhaustive analysis, is a combination of many different theories, all attempting to explain a single aspect of the psyche. Its main focus is the relationship between the subconscious and the conscious, i.e. unconscious processes, drives, conflicts, et cetera (Neves, 2008). The therapeutic, psychodynamic techniqueRead MoreExam 3 Study Guide Essay4934 Words   |  20 Pagesproduces a â€Å"high† 2) Craving: Drug produces urge to consume more 3) Withdrawal: Cessation of drug use causes anxiety and depression 14. What is the two-factor theory of Emotion? What were the findings of the Dutton amp; Aron bridge study? How were these findings consistent with the two-factor theory of emotion? Two Factor Theory: Theory proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated state of arousal along with an attribution (explanation) of that arousal First we’re aroused, thenRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives4364 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction This essay is about comparing and contrasting two out of the eight personality theories commonly used to decipher one’s personality. Those two are the psychoanalytic perspective and the existential/humanistic perspective. Both perspectives are equally important as they play a major role in understanding personality in different ways and explaining them as well. Freud’s psychoanalysis helps us to understand the individual’s personality from its early years right up to adulthood while

The Evolution of Leadership Theory Free Essays

Introduction In order to describe the evolution of leadership theory we must first define what we understand leadership to mean. An early or traditional definition of leadership may be, an interpersonal influence directed towards the achievement of a set goal or series of goals (Northhouse, 2004, p 2). In accordance with the evolution of leadership theory the definition of leadership by a modern frame of reference may be, a relationship dynamic in nature based on mutual influence between leaders and collaborators in which both reach higher levels of motivation and moral development as they strive to affect change (Freiberg and Freiberg, 1996, p 298). We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Leadership Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will describe the evolution of leadership theory as it developed from being based on individual personal traits and behaviors to the modern theories that are based on dynamic models of situation and on transformation. Early Leadership theories: traits and behaviors Ohio State University developed a theory of leadership from a series of studies that obtained data from questionnaires filled in by subordinates and another questionnaire filled in by managers that described the leadership traits and behaviors of their leaders (Fleishman, 1953, p 2). Two leadership styles were identified and hypothesized to be able to describe all leaders (Fleishman, 1953, p 2). The first leadership style was termed â€Å"initiating structure† (Fleishman, 1953, p 3. This leadership style described the leader who directs with transactional and task oriented style. This style of leadership has been described as great for routine and repetitive task, however on the negative side it has also been used to describe the micro-manager (Fleishman, 1953, p 4). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace include the leader who lets work-unit members know what is expected of them; who schedules the work to be done; encourages the use of uniform work procedures; assigns work-unit members to particular tasks; plans tasks for work-unit members; makes his or her attitudes clear to the work unit; clarifies work roles and asks for results (Fleishman, 1953, p 4). The second leadership style identified by the Ohio State theory of leadership was termed â€Å"consideration† (Fleishman, 1953, p 5).   This leadership style described the leader who is people-oriented and participative, and transformational (Fleishman, 1953, p 5). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace includes, the leader who treats all work-unit members as his or her equal; is friendly and approachable; does little things to make work pleasant; puts suggestions made by the work unit into operation; looks out for personal welfare of work unit members; encourages a supportive socio-emotional work atmosphere; maintains high morale in the work-unit and promotes a collaborative work atmosphere (Fleishman, 1953, p 5). Around the same time period The University of Michigan conducted similar studies to the Ohio State work (Katz, et al, 1950, p 23) based on questionnaire responses by leader’s subordinates and also developed a two-leadership style theory (Katz, et al, 1950, p 43). The first leadership style was termed â€Å"production centered† (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace includes, the leader who places an emphasis on the technical or task aspects of the job; is concerned mainly with accomplishing group’s goal and who regards group members as means to an end (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). The second leadership style offered by the Michigan State University theory was termed â€Å"employee centered† (Katz, et al, 1950, p 46). Examples of how this leadership style may present itself in the workplace includes, the leader who places an emphasize interpersonal relations; who takes a personal interest in the needs of employees and who accepts individual differences among members of his / her team (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). These earlier studies of leadership theories drew conclusions from research data that only looked at the single dimension of leadership being the observation of the leader’s traits and behaviors. Although these studies provided valuable insight into which leadership traits and behaviors may have been associated with higher levels of productivity, the theories lack the depth of understanding that a dynamic model would bring which accounts for the interaction of the leader’s subordinates and the workplace situation. Modern Leadership Theories: dynamic models of situational and transformational leadership The leadership theory termed situational theory is based on the amount of direction and socio-emotional support a leader should provide to a specific situation (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 59).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This theory developed by Hersey and Blanchard, recognizes four different leadership styles that are telling, selling, participating and delegating (Blanchard et al, 1999 p 60). The leader determines which style to use depending upon the specific task that is to be accomplished and the maturity level of the followers. The maturity of the followers was a termed coined to explain the willingness of the followers to take responsibility for directing their own behavior (Blanchard et al, 1999, 60). A combination of a demanding task with a low maturity level would require the leadership style of telling (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 60). The leadership style of selling would also suit a situation with a demanding task and low level of follower maturity while the leader is still responsible for the goal being achieved the followers are encouraged to participate (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). The leadership style of participating suits situations of a less demanding task and low-level maturity of the followers (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). Finally the leadership style of delegating is matched to a high level of follower maturity and therefore is suited to all levels of demand in terms of task (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). The transformational leadership theory recognizes the changing demands that an organization may face, like the situational leadership theory however it places its greatest emphasis on leadership behavior and traits (Northhouse, 2004, p 173). While this may seem like a return to the earlier more limited theories of leadership as developed in the mid 1900s via Ohio State and Michigan State Universities it is in fact seen as a very creative and flexible leadership theory (Northhouse, 2004, p 173). The transformational leader instills feelings of confidence, admiration and commitment in the followers. Such a leader inspires the followers to forgo their own interests for the good of the organization (Northhouse, 2004, p 178). Transformational leaders appeal to the moral and ideals of followers and inspire them to look at problems in new and creative ways (Northhouse, 2004, p 183). Studies have correlated the transformational leadership theory in the workplace leads to lower staff turnover rates, higher productivity and higher employee satisfaction. In summary, the evolution of leadership theories has developed from the relatively static and one-dimensional views of the personality traits and behavior theories studied in the 1900s to the dynamic and flexible theories of situational and transformational leadership theories developed in the late 1900s. References Blanchard, K. H, Zigarmi, P. and Zigarmi, D. (1999), Leadership and the One Minute   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Manager, New York, Harper Collins. Fleishman, E.A. (1953). The description of supervisory behavior. Personnel Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37, 1-6 Katz, D., Maccoby, N. and Morse, N.C. (1950). Productivity, Supervision and Morale in   Ã‚  Ã‚   an Office Situation. Ann Arbor, Survey Research Center. Northhouse, P.G. (2004). Leadership: Theory and Practice. New York, Sage Publications. How to cite The Evolution of Leadership Theory, Essay examples

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Paper Throughout the play the contrast between light and dark is a prominent feature. In the footnote at the begging of act one Miller has used the image of light There is a narrow window at the left. Through its leaded pains the morning sunlight streams. A candle still burns near the bed The room gives of an air of clean spare ness. This symbolizes that everything is alright, there are no bad things happening. Light throughout the play is used to symbolize good. As the story line continues the atmosphere and even the scenes themselves become darker and more sinister, even the weather becomes more glum and depressing. Dark is used throughout the play to symbolize bad. For example, the courtroom is always dark, there are no open windows and no candles. In some cases certain characters bring light into a scene that was dark, like John Proctor. But when he is accused of witchcraft the light that accompanies him became a lot dimmer. Dramatic devices are used constantly throughout the play. They are apparent in a key scene of the play, which we could call the yellow bird scene in Act Three. Abigail uses her strength over the girls to create an imaginary bird, which she claims is Mercys spirit trying to attack her face, of course this is not true. Proctor frantically tries to explain to Judge Danforth that this is all pretence. Lies, lies he says. This is an example of dramatic irony because we, the audience, are much more aware that Proctor at this point in the play, that it is these such lies that are going to get him hanged. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible by Arthur Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible by Arthur Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible by Arthur Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fact that those who lie are saved and Proctor, whose conscience finally wont allow him to lie, is hanged, is another example of dramatic irony in the sense that we already sense that being truthful in such a society is the most dangerous thing to be. Examples of dramatic tension in this scene are the manner in which Mary at first begs (pleading) Abigail to believe that she is doing nothing to harm her. This tension is highlighted by the fact that the girls echo everything that Mary says. In Marys frustration, she screams at the girls, (at the top of her lungs and raising her fists) to Stop it! . Even more dramatic tension comes later in the scene when Mary, either because she realises that she has to go along with Abigail in order to stop the accusations against her, or because she has been caught up in Abigails hysteria, reunites herself as part of the girls group and pretends to the court that Proctor has made her stand up to Abigail in order to save his wife. Ill murder you, he says, if my wife hangs! We must go and overthrow the court, he says. Mary has just caused even more drama by completely overturning the focus onto Proctor and by now transferring all the pressure onto him. Dramatic irony and tension come together to create what must be one of the most memorable scenes in the whole play, Elizabeths only lie. Religion is Elizabeths life, she believes wholeheartedly in the commandments and would not dream of breaking them for any reason. Because Proctor is aware of this, he knows he can relay on his wife to back him and prove to the court how evil Abigail is, but Proctor has confessed to the court out of anger that he has known her. The court now do not know whether they can trust John and what he has to say. In order to prove to them the real Abigail, John preaches how Elizabeth has never lied, and therefore they can get the truth from her. In her life, sir, she has never lied . Elizabeth is fetched from the jail unaware that her husband has confessed to his affair with the vain Abigail and the drama begins again with Danforth questioning Elizabeth. We, the audience and the others in the room, Proctor and Abigail, know of the confession bringing about the irony in the scene. Elizabeth is confused when she arrives, and is ordered not to look at anyone but Danforth, making her nerves and unsure of herself. Danforth states, We are given to understand that at one time you dismissed your servant, Abigail Williams Elizabeth agrees and is asked to explain why. She looks at her husband for a clue as what to say, but seems confused and unsteady why anyone would be asking her the nature of her dismissal of Abigail unless they had come into knowledge of the affair. Despite this, Elizabeth tells Judge Danforth that Abigail dissatisfied her, but Danforth is not happy with this answer and digs deeper. As he does so Elizabeth glances at Proctor for a cue but she knows what answer Danforth is looking for and whilst speaking but unknowing what to say she keeps glancing at her husband but is repeatedly shouted at saying you will look in my eyes only, not at your husband. This is creating tension because we know that whatever Elizabeth says there will be a bad outcome. As the play comes to a close, Proctor is torn between saving his life and saving his name. He feels that he has lost the battle against witchcraft. He considers his name to be the one thing he has left. I have given you my soul; leave me my name! . Proctor would rather die with his name pure and white, then live knowing that he can not live a full life. He does sign the document in which he admits to witchcraft, which makes him seem selfish, but he will not accuse others of witchcraft, I have three children how may I teach them to walk like men in the world, and I sold my friends? , which preserves his heroic qualities, nor will he allow himself to be made into an example, You will not use me! You will not use me! It is no part of salvation that you should use me! . To himself, he is nothing but a fraud. He is consumed with self-doubt. He has nothing left but his name, it is his name and no one can ever take this from his as it is his own identity and is the only possessions he has left worth having. This is a very emotional scene, Salems witch hunt has taken everything from proctor; Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! . The Crucible By Arthur MIller Essay Example The Crucible By Arthur MIller Paper Now, Betty, dear wake up now. Its Abigail. (She sits Betty up and furiously shakes her. ) Ill beat you Betty. This violent language is a key to how violent Abigails behaviour is. She knows what she wants and she is prepared to do whatever it takes to get it. Abigails character has many flaws, people would think passion is a good thing, and it is, but Abi is too passionate, she is willing to have innocent people killed, just to get rid of John Proctors wife, so she can be with him. Abigail Williams does not seem to be a very religious person. (This is proven in her later life. She was found in Boston later on in life, living as a prostitute. ) She is mischievous, a liar, an adulterer, and in a sense, a murderer. You get an idea of her character from the first few pages. Uncle we did dance; let you tell them I confessed it. This shows she is not concerned about the fact she was caught breaking the rules. In puritan times people were not allowed to have fun as it was seen as ungodly. The only time you could celebrate was when somebody built a new barn; they held a sort of barbeque. They have cider and dance. If there hasnt been a new barn built then puritan life was uneventful. This is why I think all of the rumours of witchcraft were started. It was just people wanting to have some fun in Salem. Little did they know what this fun was going to result in. Abigail Williams is a strong character throughout the whole play. All of the girls do what she says and they follow her every action. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible By Arthur MIller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible By Arthur MIller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible By Arthur MIller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If she accuses somebody of witchcraft the others say that person came to them in the night as well. In one scene of the play Betty tells the judge that she can see a black man whispering in one of the defendants ear. When the Judge tells the other girls, Abigail says she notices it first and she points to the man then all of the others do the same. Abigails relationship with John Proctor is very strange. She loves the man, but she is still willing to destroy everything he loves, to have him as her own. She has no regard for other peoples feelings. At the start John seems to be on good terms with her, even though he is ending it all, but at the end he hates her, the audience begin to hate Abigail as well because they sympathize with John; she has ruined his life, his wifes, his childrens, and hundreds of peoples lives who live in the village. Abigails relationship with Elizabeth Proctor is tarnished from the beginning, as you can imagine. Abigail had been previously employed in their house as a maid, but as soon as Elizabeth found out about Abigail and Procters affair, she threw her out. This makes Abigail feel that Elizabeth is unworthy of John, and takes every chance she gets to undermine her in front of her husband. She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, snivelling woman, and you bend to her! Let her turn you like a-(Page 19). She wants Proctor to leave his wife so she tries to make him think she isnt worth being with. I think that Abigail Williams is a good character to create tension because she is unpredictable. In the start she is just a teenage girl, or to be exact a young woman (although this is arguable), who wants to have a little harmless fun. By the end of it she has caused so much distress and disruption, I dont even think she could have imagined that happening. Throughout the play, even though people are being killed, she remains to tell lies, so she isnt thought badly of. I think this creates tension because up until the end you dont know if she is going to right her wrongs. So all in all I think Abigail is an interesting and unpredictable character, she is in the centre of everything.